Arts and Crafts...fun

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The arts and crafts movement began with one man named William Morris. Morris started off going into priesthood then into architecture but it wasn’t creative enough for him so he left to paint with a man named Burne-Jones. He became talented making new typefaces based upon old style typography. Morris was a influential man who inspired many new designers of the period.

Then there was Ruskin. He called upon designers and artists and architects to come forward because of the lack of creativity. He stated that designs were not aesthetic, but rather for purpose. The man i found interesting was actually at the very beginning of the chapter and his name is William Pickering, William sought a deep love for books, and he played an important role in separation of graphic design. He was in control of format design, type selection, illustration and all of his printers. I find him interesting because he was in complete control over every thing he did with his designs. And would stay with them to the end.

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So it began the arts and crafts movement. The arts and crafts movement began with one man named William Morris.But it was Ruskin who inspired the movement he called upon designers and artists and architects to come forward because of the lack of creativity. He stated that designs were not aesthetic any more but rather for purpose. Back to Morris morris started off going into priesthood then into architecture but the job wasnt creative enough for him so he left to paint with a man named Burne- Jones. HE became talented making new typefaces based upon old style typography. Morris was a influential man of his time and he inspired many new designers of this period. But the man i found interesting was actually at the very beginning of the chapter and his name is William Pickering, William sought a deep love for books, and he played an important role in separation of graphic design and the printing process of books. He was in control of format design, type selection, illustration and all of his printers. i find him interesting because he was in complete control over every thing he did with his designs.

one thing i found interesting about this chapter is the fact that designers find a way to improve the way things look even during a time of everything being similiar and factory made.

one question i have is what time do we start moving away from the gothic look?

Whoops

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In class we talked about the start of the industrial evolution. We discussed what type of style the industrial revolution is and designs that occurred within it. We talked about different printing methods along with different cameras and ways of producing images and ways of printing images. Laura even had some old cameras that she passed around that we got to look through. They were interesting because they were different and simple.

One thing I found interesting was the cameras. I thought it was interesting how they were designed for function rather then aesthetics.

What was the proper way to use the camera's?

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Whoops i forgot to do this yesterday. Well two days ago in class we talked about the start of the industrial revolution. We discussed what type of style the industrial revolution actually is and what were some things that happened in it. We talked about different printing methods along with different cameras and ways of producing images and ways of printing images. Laura even had some old cameras that she passed around that we got to look through. They were interesting in the fact that they were different and simple as in the inner workings but confusing for me because i couldnt even figure out how to look through them.

One thing i found interesting was the cameras i thought it was interesting how they were designed for function rather then aesthetics.

one question i have is... what was the proper way to use those camera's?

I laughed, I cried. i cried again when i had to redo this.

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So in this chapter we talked about the Industrial Revolution that took place in London. This era was a step for graphic design because it took design away from broadsheets to something we recognize today such as posters. This was possible because of the advancements in printers. The first steam powered printer was made by Friedrich Koenig whose printer could print over 400 sheets per hour. Other advancements included the Fourdrinier brothers who created a machine that could create an endless supply of paper, even though they bankrupted themselves in the process! But even with these printers all the letters had to be individually placed which took a long time (because typing this takes a long time think about doing it one letter at a time!) But all was saved in due time by a hero we call Mergenthaler who had a keyboard operated machine that would drop the letter in place when you pushed a button. Kind of like a crappy typewriter....Next we move onto to something that is just getting started, if you couldn't guess by previously reading this post it is photography. Niepce was the first credited to experiment with light sensitive materials but the process was perfected by Daguerre. Other notable achievements include Sir John Herschel who figured out the negative and George Eastman who developed the first Kodak camera. Mathew Brady who took pictures of the civil war and was the first historical documenter.

One thing i find interesting is that the first photographed man was done on accident and we dont even know the name.

Question: Explain Chromolithographic printing?

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I laughed, i cried, i feel asleep, and i finished the reading. This blog i am deciding to take a new method. While i read i took notes and during my notes i asked questions and i made comments. so instead of re typing everything i will share my notes and what i learned and what i thought of it all...

Chapter 9

Industrial Revolution Location- England

This is the beginning of the industrial revolution starting in the 1780s with the introduction of the steam engine. Not only did the industrial revolution start the transformation from rural to urban living began but so did the advancements in graphic design. This became the first time that factory system fractured graphic communications into seperate design and production componenets. Typography its self exploded with new letterforms different sizes. The invention of photography and eventually the process of printing photographs. Before the industrial revolution books and broad sheets were the main type of typographic communication. But with the revoulution with advertising and posters and faster printers, large scale, more publicity. Books and broadsheets handwriting typography was not enough.

Lithographic printers- skilled craftsmen rendered plates directly from an artists sketch and produced images and leterforms from the artists imagination

QUESTION- When was the first non-human printer developed meaning manpower was not needed to print. ANSWERED

Cotterell- First to sand-cast large, bold display letters ( twelve lines of pica or 2 inches)

Robert Thorne- Cotterell’s successor was the first to use thick strokes in type making them “bold” around 1803 sometimes with a 1:2 ratio of capital height.

Figgin- 1815 specimen book presented the first 19^th century version of tuscan letters. This style is represented by curved and extended serifs. (reminds me of style used for circuses) Friggins introduced the first “3-D text” This caught on very fast and it became manipulated in many ways including thinner backs floral disigns on the front of letters ect.

QUESTION- What do they mean by specimen books?

The third major typographic advancement came in william caslon the 4^th’s specimen book was San-Serif.

Darius Wells- 1827 invented a lateral router that enabled the economic mass manufacturing of wood typed for display printing since metal casings were very exspensive to make. This made printing so much easier that customers were invited to send in a drawing of one letter and the manufactury would design a whole font family off of the drawing. This increased demand for public posters by many clients including traveling circuses to clothing stores to train stations.

At this time designers only job was to fit the words on the paper and to use the fonts they had available just by enlongating the font or squishing. Emphasis important words ect. Also around this time you start to see transformation away from public postings and more newspaper and magazine space advertising.

Printing

Friedrich Koenig- Invented the steam powered printer printed 400 sheets an hour.

William Cowper- 1815 patent for a printing press using curved stereotyped plates wrapped around a cylinder. 2400 Impressions per hour.

Obvioulsly these advancements in printing saved labor cost and improved newspaper quality and lowered costs.

Fourdrinier brothers created a machine that could create an endless sheet of paper. “ Fourdrinier brothers gave the world economical and abundant paper, they ruined themselves financially in the proccess” QUOTE OF THE DAY

Mechanization of typography- Setting every letter of every word of every newspaper slowed down the printing machines.

Mergenthaler- On July 3^rd 1886 demonstrated his keyboard operated machine. Some how cast metal when a button was pushed.

QUESTION- explain this? And the competition New York Newspaper had.

Photography

Niepce- Was the first to experiment with light sensitive materials for capturing images his first invention he called heliogravure or Sun engraving.

Daguerre- Perfected the process of photography, a highly polished silver- plated copper sheet was sensitized by placing it, silver side down, over a container of iodine crystals they combined the plate was then put in a camera and exposed to light then the disk was was placed over a plate of mercury. Then a salt bath then you had a picture.

Statement about above WTF!!

Talbot- Also worked with photographs, called his photographs “photogenic drawings”

Sir John Herschel- First to use Sodium Thiosulfate to make images permanent him and talbot shared information. And talbot found a way to reversed the picture and they called it a negative. Whole process became called photography.

George Eastman- Developed the Kodak Camera in 1888.

1881- The era of photographic reproduction had arrived. The tedious process of transferring a artists designs to woodblocks that took 1 week. Was now replaced with a photographic process that took 1-2 hours with greatly reduced costs.

Victorian Era (1819-1901)

This period preffered very gothic like design (PENCIL OF NATURE IMAGE) 9-40

SOAPBOX TIME- I truly do not like the type of design that we have been studying I do don’t like the design like the illuminated manuscripts and the design of the churches with very elaborate paintings on the ceilings and fancy stain glassed windows. It may be interesting just because it took so long to make but from a design point I hate it because everything looks so clustered and geometrically centered and correct.

The graphic design of the victorian era captured and conveyed values of the era which included printed images of children, maidens, puppies, and flowers.

The Development of Lithography

Lithography was invented by Bavarian author Aloys Senefelder in 1796. (SIDE NOTE...Why do the dates jump around in this book so much cant we start here and then work toward photography.)

He developed planographic printing which is printing from a flat surface. Lithography is based on the simple chemical principle that oil and water do not mix so the image is drawn on a a flat stone with oil based pen then water poured to moisten non oil parts then oil base paints over that so paint sticks to the oil pen then a sheet is placed over that and you a printing press to make the transfer and whoa you got you print.

French Printer Godefroy Engelmann created a process called chromolithogrophie in 1837. Pretty much several printers did several colors.

QUESTION: Am I Right with this idea above?

Richard Hoe- perfected lithographic press it had the ability to do economical color printing,

QUESTION: How did he figure out color printing?

Bufford- Specializing in art prints, posters, covers, and book magazines bufford used 5 colors or more. Started off with the black print then used combination of color presses to get different tones. With over-printing.

QUESTION- Did color printing come before photography? I think it did but I get confused cause the book is jumping around.

Lithography- the process of printing from a flat surface treated so as to repel the ink except where it is required for printing.

Chromolithography- a colored picture printed by lithography, esp. in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Chromolithography, Quickly spread, 1860 60 firms emplyed over 800 people and in 1890 over 8000 people were employed by 700 firms. Designers had the ability to add vibrant colors to typography

Englishman Robert Barclay recieved a pattent for offset lithographic printing on tin process is on page 157.

1897 marked the end of chromolithography and the introduction of photography. That answers my question.

Kids

Walter Crane- One of the earliest and most influential designers of childrens picture books (besides dr. Suess :) )

Advertising Design

Harper Brothers- Harper’s Illuminated and Pictorial Bible they made it in fifty four installments with 28 pages each. The harper brother firm opened the era of the pictorial magazine in 1850 (here we go with the date jumping around) this was the first monthly magazine.

Nast- a illustrator for the magazine became famous for his drawing of the cicil war in the magazine. Then after the war nast became the first political cartooner, he created such symbols as santa clasu, John Bull, The democratic donkey, the republican elaphent, Uncle sam and several more. Nasts most famous work included “tammany tiger” political cartoon attacking Tweed.

QUESTION: Why do they always make bibles first?

Notice how my notes start great and get shorter as i realize i have 29 more pages.

But one thing i found real interesting about this reading is the photography section although it confused me a lot it is real interesting how they figured out to do that cause what are the chances?

weekly Blog

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This is an image of a more modern day broadside. As we learned in class a broadside is a single sheet printed on one side. These Broadsides were usually posted to inform people or they were sold cheaply for about 5 cents. This example was probably used after one of the world wars. But just like in history it is used to inform the public. I found this image online with a google search. The design and typography aren’t related to what we learned but the concept a broadside is what i am focusing on. As for quality it is very high quality and is very well made. I was attracted to this piece just because of its retro design. I want to incorporate old design techniques into modern works.

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This is an image of a more modern day broadside. As we learned in class a broadside is a single sheet printed on one side. These Broadsides were usually posted around to inform people or sold cheaply for about 5 cents. This example was probably used after one of the world wars. But just like in history it is used to inform the public. I found this image online with a google search. The design and typography arent related to what we learned but the concept of the idea of a broadside is what i am focusing on. As for quality it is very high and is very well made. I was attracted to this piece just because of its retro design that i interested in. I want to incorporate old design techniques into modern works.

Interesting

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This chapter focused on new design principles, book making, and fonts. In the 1700's Pierre Simon was the first printer to attempt to set up a standard table of proportions. Pierre also created new type faces that focus on sharp serifs with thin and thick strokes. Another big contributer to modern day design and standardization was the Didots who developed the “pt.” system for type size. Another influential man during the period was Caslon who became well known for his self titled font called the Caslon font, the Caslon font focused on thick and thin lines which was an attempt to make it more friendly to the eye. And finally John Baskerville who created a new formula for ink and paper which made writing easier.

I find it interesting how much the standardization of type size that was created is still used today.

question. How was the point system name founded how did they decide to use points?

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This chapter focused on the upcoming of new design principles in book making along with the fonts that came through. in the 1700's Pierre Simon was the first printer to attempt to set up a table of proportions for a standard. Pierre also created new type faces that focus on sharp serifs and thin and thick strokes. Another big contributer to modern day design and standardization was the Didots who developed the pt. system for type size which we still use today. Another infuential man during the period was caslon who became well known for his self titled font called the Caslon font, the caslon font focused on thick and thin lines which ws an attempt to make it more friendly to the eye. Ad finally John Baskerville who created a new frmula for ink and paper which made writing easier

I find it interesting how much the standardization of type size that was created is still used today.

question. How was the point system name founded how did they decide to use points?

Champion

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In class we went over the Renaissance Period and we decided that Tory was the true renaissance man. He was well rounded in 12 areas. Ratdolt and Manuitus were the other two competitors but their innovations obviously weren't good enough for the class. We also discussed how printing changed society in Europe.

A question i have is how easily accessible are books during this period were they cheaper then they had been are the peasants more accessible to them at this point or are they limited to broad sheets.

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Today in class we went over the reading of chapter 6 and 7 and i got stumped on a question by laura. When i got asked who duren was... i'lll try not to do that again. But in class we went over the renaissance period and we decided that Tory was the true renaissance man he was well rounded in 12 areas. Ratdolt and Manuitus were the other two competitors but their innovations obviously weren't good enough for the class. We also discussed how printing changed society in Europe and how design started to come thru into true graphic design when modern ideas play into past designs.

A question i have is how easily accessible are books during this period were they cheaper then they had been are the peasants more accessible to them at this point or are they limited to broad sheets.

mmm yeah....

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Chapter 6 was a nice read because we got to scan through and find key terms. Some key terms from chapter 6 included.

Incunabula- Cradle or baby or baby linen.

Its connotations of birth and beginnings caused seventeenth- century writers to adopt it as a name for books printed from Gutenbergs invention of typography until the end of the fifteenth century. Along with Martin Luther who Posted 95 thesis for debate on the door of the castle church in Wittenberg, Saxony. His friends passed copies to printers which spread his ideas through central Europe. Within a few months thousands of people all over Europe knew his view. Without typography it is doubtful that the protestant movement of the reformation era could have happened.

Albrecht Durer- Assisted in the layout and illustration for the Nuremberg Chronichle. In 1948 Durer published Latin and German editions of the Apocalypse illustrated by his monumental sequence of fifteen woodcuts. This Thirty-Two page book had 16x12 inch pages, 15 layouts with two columns of Kobergers type with Durers Illustrations on the right. In 1511 Duren published latin and German editions of The Apocalypse. He became a major influence in the cultural exchange that caused the Renaissance to sprinkle into Germany. He contributed significantly to the evolution of alphabet design with beautifully designed Roman Capitals with clear instructions for their compositions. He worked out a construction method, relating each letter to a square. Using a 1-10 ratio of the heavy stroke width to height which is the approximate proportion of the Trajan alphabet.

Broadside- Single leaf of paper printed on one side only. When both sides are printed, the page is frequently called a broadsheet.

Chapter 7 is filled with so many names and so many different styles of graphic design that it is hard to remember who is who and who did what. But to point out a few of the names i can recall there was Erhard Ratdolt who introduced wood cut borders, and title pages. There was also Johannes De Spira who printed the first book with page numbers. Then we had Nicolas Jenson who created the second printing press shortly after Spira's Death/Monopoly over printing in Venice. Jenson also created spaces between lettering which made for a easier read. In the renaissance era more improvements were made including trademarks for printers. The advancement in typography; the first italics and the first pocket sized books which were 3x6 inches. Censorship also came into play with the relation between church and state.

One thing i find interesting about this chapter and all the reading in whole. Is the amount of time and preciseness that is put into all of the work that is published. Just thinking about how much time it would take to print these books is remarkable.

Going along with my interest...how long would it take to make a single book?

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Chapter 6 was a nice read because we got to scan through and find key terms. Some key terms from chapter 6 included Incunabula- Cradle or baby or baby linen. Its connotations of birth and begginings caused seventeenth- century writers to adopt it as a name for books printed from gutenbergs invention of typography until the end of the fifteenth century. along with Matin Luther who Posted 95 theses for debate on the door of the castle church in wittenberg, Saxony, on 31 October 1517 his friends passed copies to printers by December his proclomation had spread throughout central Europe. Within a few months thousands of people all over Europ Knew his view without typography it is doubtful that the protestant movement of the reformation era could have happened. and Albrecht Durer.

Albrecht Durer- Assisted in the layout and illustration for the Nuremberg Chronichle.

In 1948 Durer published Latin and German editions of the Apocalypse illustrated by his monumental sequence of fifteen woodcuts. This Thirty-Two page book was 16x12 inch pages has 15 layouts with two coloumns of Kobergers type on the left with Durers Illustrations on the right. In 1511 Duren published latin and German editions of The Apocalypse . In 1511. He became a moajor influence in the cultural exchange that saw the Renaissance spirit filter into Germany. He believed German Artists and craftsmen were producing work inferior to the italians. He contributed significantly to the evolution of alphabet design with beautifully designed Roman Capitals with clear instructions for their compositions. He worked out a construction method, relating each letter to a square. using a 1-10 ratio of the heavy stroke width to height which is the approximate propoertion of the Trajan alphabet. Duren uses the Value of art and geometry into his designs.De Symmetria Partium Humanorum Corporum appeared after Duren’s death in 1528 It shared his knowledge of drawing, the human figure, and the advances of italian artists with german painters and graphic artists.

Broadside- Single leaf of paper printed on one side only. When both sides are printed, the page is frequently called a broadsheet.

Chapter 7 on the other hand was not so fun to read. and because it was such a drag i am going to have to read it again for notes. This first time i read chapter 7 i decided it was so long that i would read it once and try to retain as much information in my head as possible and see where that gets me. Halfway through i realized it didnt get me far. Chapter 7 is filled with so many names and so many different styles of graphic design that it is hard to remember who is who and who did what. But to point out a few of the names i can recall there was Erhard Ratdolt who introduced wood cut borders, and title pages. There was also Johannes De Spira who printed the first book with page numbers. Then we had Nicolas Jenson who created the second printing press shortly after Spira's Death/Monopoly over printing in Venice. Jenson created spaces between lettering which made for a easier read. In the renaissance era many more improvements were made including trademarks for printers. The advancement in typography the first italics and the first pocket sized books which were 3x6 inches. Censorship also came into play with the relation between church and state. Along with much much more.

One thing i find interesting about this chapter and all the reading in whole. Is the amount of time and preciseness that is put into all of the work that is published. Just thinking about how much time it would take to print these books is remarkable.

Going along with my interest...how long would it take to make a single book?

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This is an example of chops used for printing in early asian culture. I found this image online. I also have a real life stamping from a chop that I could not find but I decided to use this image because it shows how the chops were used and how images were formed with the concept of negative space. The quality of these images are very detailed for being a stamp the chinese put a lot of work into making them. The bright color and detail of the markings on the animals attracted me to the piece.

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This image is an example of chops used for printing in early asian culture. I found this image online. I also have a real life stamping from a chop that i could not find but i decided to use this image because it shows how the chops were used and how the images were formed with this negative space concept. This is an example of early printing. As you can see the quality of these images are very detailed for being a stamp and the chinese put a lot of work into making them. The bright color and detail of thr markings on the animals attracted me to the pieces.

Guess what

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Today we had a speaker. His name was Andrew Lloyd Goodman. It was an interesting presentation, I liked the beginning and ends of the presentation. The part I did not like was the video material, I did not find it to be that interesting. After the presentation we went back to class and we talked about manuscripts and printing. We also learned about Gutenberg’s printing press along with the history of printing like chops ect.

The thing that I found most interesting was Andrew's idea to look at the smallest pieces of his art and find compositions within a composition.

One question i have... Do you remember the names of the applications he used for sound?

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today we had a speaker. His name was andrew lloyd goodman. It was an interesting presentation. I liked the beginning and ends of the presentation. The part i did not like was the video work that he had done just because i did not find it to be that interesting and it wasn't that great to me. but i did like the rest of his presentation. After the presentation we went back to class and we talked about manuscripts and printing some more. and we learned about gutenbergs printing press along with the history of printing like chops ect.

The thing that i found most interesting was andrew's idea to look at the smallest pieces of his art and find compositions within a composition.

One question i have... do you remember the names of the applications he used for sound?

Copy and Paste

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This chapter is all about the printing movement in Europe. Printing in Europe started with what is called Xylography,also known as relief printing. Typography which is described in the book as “the term for printing with independent, moveable, and reusable bits of metal or wood each of which has a raised letterform.” Writing gave humanity a means of storing, retrieving, and documenting knowledge and information. Animal skin was very expensive and would sometimes cost more then the book. But in 751 AD the city of Samarkand repelled a Chinese attack and paper makers were captured, the secrets of paper making spread to Baghdad and Damascus and reached Egypt by the 10th century and then spread across Africa and into Europe.

The printing scene began to take off in the 14th and 15th centuries when a man by Gutenberg "Created" the first printing press. consiting of many workers and machinery, which proved to be very expensive Gutenburg's first printing was a 42 line bible which was never completed by Gutenburg because of legal issues. Gutenberg lost his print shop and fell short of his bible by merely pages. His friend continued his business of printing and eventually became the largest in Europe. Gutenberg got funding and reopened his shop and completed a 36 line edition of the bible before dieing in 1468.

I find it interesting how slowly technology advanced in the old days but then you look at modern times and there have been so many advancements in the last couple years. it is just mind boggling to me.

How many people did Gutenburg have working for him?

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This chapter is all about the printing movement in Europe. Printing in Europe started with what is called Xylography, which is just a fancy name for relief printing. This was the introduction if typography which is descibed in the book as the term for printing with independent, moveable, and reusable bits of metal or wood each of which has a raised letterform. Writing gave humanity a means of storing, retrieving, and documenting knowledge and information. This chapter also brought up an important fact about the material used for writing. Animal skin was very expensive and would sometimes cost more then the book. But in 751 AD the city of Samarkand repelled a chinese attack and a few paper makers were captured then the craft of paper making spread to baghdad and damascus and reached egypt by the 10th century and then spread across africa and into europe.

The printing scene began to take off in the 14th and 15 th centuries when a man by Gutenberg "Created" the first printing press. Which consisted of many workers and machinery. Which proved to be very expensive. Gutenburg's first printing was a 42 line bible which never was competed by Gutenburg because of legal issues Gutenberg lost his print shop and fell short of his bible by merely pages. His friend continued his business of printing and eventually became the largest in Europe. Gutenberg got funding and reopened his shop and completed a 36 line edition of the bible before dieing in 1468.

I find it interesting how slowly technology advanced in the old times but then you look at modern times and there have been so many advancements in the last couple years. it is just mind boggling to me.

How many people did Gutenburg have working for him?

Asians

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Today in class we reviewed the style of Chinese calligraphy. The Chinese used 44,000 logograms to communicate and to write. They also advanced printing many different ways such as relief printing, chops, and stone printing. It is important to know about other cultures styles of writing like the Chinese, who have a more flowing way of writing which is important to notice.

The most interesting thing i learned today was the idea that the Chinese had over 44,000 logograms. I knew it was a lot but I didn't realize it was so many.

One question I had from class and the quizzes was about the chops. What color were they? Because i thought it was red on white but i got it wrong on the quiz.

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Today in class we reviewed the style of chinese calligraphy. The chinese used 44,000 logograms to communicate and to write. they also advanced printing in many different ways such as relief printing chops and stone printing. It is important to know about other cultures styles of writing like the chinese have a more flowing way of writing and it is important to notice that. The most interesting thing i learned today was the idea that the chinese had over 44,000 logograms. I knew it was a lot but i didn't realize it was so many. One question i had from class and the quizzes was about the chops. what color were they because i thought it was red on white but i got it wrong on the quiz.

"Short Reading"

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Chapter 3 is an interesting chapter that talks about the Asian influence on writing. The chapter discussed such things as Asian printing styles, Asian writing styles and of course, the Asian language, and alphabet. The Asian language is different because they basically have two languages, a spoken language and a written language. Their language developed around the use of symbols. The Asian Calligraphy developed in three phases which the book discussed. The three stages were Chiaku-Wen 1800-1200 BC, then Chin-Wen and then the third phase Hsiaochuan and then the modern phase Chen-Shu. This chapter went into detail about Asian "Printing" the Asians used different forms of printing for example they had relief printing in which they would cut away the space around an image then they would ink the remaining raised surface and rub it to transfer. Chops were also another form of printing along with stone rubbings.

Chapter four was titled “Illuminated Manuscripts.” The chapter was about books that were hand made that were illustrated magnificently. These books usually contained gold leafs and were made by the church. These books contained detail on every page and usually had bold colors that illustrated out a scene. There were many different styles including Caroline, Spanish, Medieval, Islam, Judaic, Gothic, and several more.

The most interesting thing I found in these chapters was the idea of stone printing when they said that one historical work would take up 13 acres of land. I found that to be quite interesting. My question ties in with this idea.. Did they use 13 acres of land to store these books for copying at one time or was that a number made to show the grand size of what could have been.?

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Chapter 3 is an interesting chapter that talks about asian influence on writing. The chapter discussed such things as Asian printing styles asian writing styles and of course the asian language and alphabet. The Asian language is different because they have basically two languages a spoken language and a written language. Their language developed around the use of symbols. The asian Calligraphy developed in three phases which the book discussed those three stages were Chiaku-Wen 1800-1200 BC, then Chin-Wen. And then the third phase hsiaochuan. And then the modern for used today chen-shu. This chapter went into a lot of detail about asain "Priniting" the asian used different forms of printing for example they had something called relief printing in which they would cut away the space around an image then they would ink the remaining raised surface and run it to transfer. Chops were also another form of printing along with stone rubbings.

Chapter four was titled illuminated manuscripts. The chapter was mostly about books that were hand made that were illustrated magnificently. These books usually contained gold leafs and were usually made by the church. These books contained a lot of detail to every page and usually had bold colors that illustrated out a scene. There were many different styles including Carolinen, Spanish, Medieval, islam, Judaic, Gothic, and several more.

The most interesting thing i found in these chapters was the idea of stone printing when they said that one historical work would take up 13 acres of land. I found that to be quite interesting. And my question ties in with this idea.. Did they actually use 13 acres of land to store these books for copying at one time or was that a number made to show the grand size of what could have been.?

Review

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Yesterday in class we reviewed our reading about the alphabet. We learned about the history and transformation of the alphabet from its beginnings during the Phoenician dominance to the time of the Romans. Its amazing how the alphabet changed so much but then at the same time so little. What i mean by this is the early alphabet was very simple and the markings very choppy. But as the alphabet advanced the letters had similar looks but they transformed into a more geometric design that added ease to reading.

A style that I will look for more in the future is the serifs on letter forms, which were introduced by the Romans.

It was interesting to learn how the formation of the alphabet affected society along with technology mathematics and the arts.

One question. What was the time span from origins of the alphabet to todays modern day alphabet?

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Yesterday in class we reviewed our reading about the alphabet. We learned about the history and transformation of the alphabet from its beginnings during the Phoenician dominance to the time of the romans. Its amazing how the alphabet changed so much but then at the same time so little. What i mean by this is the early alphabet was very simple and the markings very choppy. but as the alphabet advanced the letters had similar looks but they transformed into a more geometric design that added more ease to writing.

A style that i will look for more in the future is the serifs on letter forms, which were introduced by the romans.

It was interesting to learn how the formation of the alphabet affected society along with technology mathematics and the arts.

One question. What was the time span from origins of the alphabet to todays modern day alphabet.?

ABC its as easy as 123

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"Alphabets." This chapter starts off talking about the alphabet in its earliest forms. Although the time and place are not entirely known about the creation of the alphabet, it is believed that the early Canaanites, Hebrews, and Phoenicians are the source. The first form of the alphabet was called the Phoenician alphabet. Which was based off of wedge shaped markings. Further into the reading is where we start to learn about our modern day alphabet developed by the Greeks and modified by the Romans. The Greek alphabet was the first alphabet that had a design sense to it. The Greeks took the Phoenician alphabet and added curvature that made balance and harmony. The letters became "symmetrical and balanced." The Greek alphabet was then adapted by the Romans who developed what we now know as the Latin alphabet. The Latin alphabet contains 21 letters. The Romans also introduced serifs which are "ledges" on the ends of letters. During this time scrolls and codex were introduced which offered new ways to write down information.

One thing i found interesting from the reading was the ox style of writing/reading. Which meant you would read left to right on one line then go right to left on the next line.

One Question i have is.. how big were the codices?

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This chapter is exactly what the title says. "Alphabets." This chapter starts off talking about the alphabet in its earliest forms. Although the time and place are not entirely known about the creation of the alphabet, it is believed that the early Canaanites, Hebrews, and Phoenicians are the source. The first form of the alphabet was called the phoenician alphabet. Which was based off of wedge shaped markings. Further into the reading is where we start to learn about our modern day alphabet developed by the greeks and modified by the romans. The greek alphabet was the first alphabet that had a design point to it. The greeks took the phoenician alphabet and added curvature that made balance and harmony. The letters became "symmetrical and balanced." The Greek alphabet was then adapted by the Romans who developed what we now know as the latin alphabet. The latin alphabet contains 21 letters. The romans also introduces serifs which are "ledges" on the ends of letters. During this time scrolls and sodex were introduced which offered new ways to write down information.

One thing i found interesting from the reading was the ox style of writing/reading. which meant you would read left to right on one line then go right to left on the next line.

One Question i have is.. how big were the codices?

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This is an image I found online I thought it showed the idea of what we have been talking about in class. Every picture has a different function for example the first one represents a camping ground and the second one represents a picnic ground. There is no typography in this picture. This is good quality of artwork that were designed by graphic designers at some point to represent different areas or things that can be understood by all. I was attracted to this piece because of the thought that was put into all of these symbols. The simple designs are nice and the positive and negative space play well together. It just all plays together very well. These are examples of pictographs which are basic elementary types of drawings that represent something.

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This is just an image i found online i thought it showed the idea of what we have been talking about in class. Every picture has a different function for example the first opne represents a camping ground and the second one represents a picnic ground. There is no typograaphy in this picture. Obviously this is a good quality of artwork that were designed by graphic designers at some point in time to represent different areas or things that can be understood by all. I was attracted to this piece because of the thought that was put into all of these symbols. The simple designs are nice and the positive and negative space play well together. It just all plays together very well. These are examples of pictographs which are basic elementary types of drawings that represent something.