Genesis

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This chapter is entitled the Genesis of Twentieth Century Design. This chapter had two main points of focus. The first part was about Frank Lloyd Wright, the Glasgow school and the Vienna Seccession. While the second part is focused on Peter Berhens. The first part talks about the design of FLW. Whose work focused on “method and character and an all flowing sense.” Because FLW was a architect his design had a rectangular structure approach. He was considered the front of the emerging modern movement. He influenced many designers including "The Four." The Four were four students who teamed up; Charles Rennie mackintosh, Herbert Mcnair, Margaret, Frances Macdonald. The group used a varying of techniques including tempering floral and curvilinear elements with strong rectilinear structure, which was influenced by FLW. The Four eventually were taken in by a man named Tawlin Morris who was an art director at the Glasglow school of design. He supported the four's designs and pushed geometric spacial divisions and lyrical organics and put them into mass communication. A little later the Vienna Secession came. To be exact it was April 3rd 1897. The artists of the Vienna Secession preferred lines and bold movements. The Vienna Secession created the Ver Sacrum which was well know for its radical experimental in design. it was a square magazine that had designs that experimented with designs such as white text on white pages along with other strange designs never seen before. The last person i want to talk about is Peter Berhens. Peter Berhens was an architect/artist who used geometric form in his work he used a grid system to structure and space his layouts. He also became the first "Industrial Designer." He designed products such as street-lamps and tea kettles. Berhens had a fascination for sans serifs fonts and went on to create his own. He was also the first person to design an identity system for a company. He designed an AEG logo using a honeycomb layout with AEG in it.

One thing i find interesting. Was that there are many architect/designers. Because you don't see that much today.

Question: were the four part of the Vienna Secession?

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Once again i am going to use my notes cause i asked questions and made comments in them and i feel like this helped me last time and made things a bit more organized for me.

The Genesis of Twentieth Century Design,

As the 20^th century began artists and designers searched for new forms of exspression. Designers in Scotland, Austria, and germany moved away from the serpentine beauty of organic drawing and sought a new aesthetic philosophy to adress the changing society.

Frank Lloyd Wright and the Glasgow School

Frank was the first to move from a curvilinear approach towards a rectilinear approach to spactial organization. His designs were true to method true to purppose true to character. Wright saw space as the essence of design. Wright was at the front of the emerging modern movement.

Let me say I am happy that we have finnally reached this point I was getting sick of the manuscripts and the ellaborated designed borders.

Wright learned to incorporate white space because he he operated a printing press. And to combine various materials into a whole.

“The four-” Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Herbert Mcnair, Margaret, Frances Macdonald.

This group developed a unique style of lyrical originallity and symbolic complecity.They used tempering floral and curvillinear elements with strong rectilinear structure.

Mackintosh’s- main design theme was rising vertical lines often with subtle curves at the end to temper their junction with the horizantals.

Jessie Marion King- made a statement with medieval- style fantasy illustrations accompanied by stylized lettering.

Tawlin Morris- an art director of the Glasglow publishing firm. Morris contacted the four and embraced their ideas.Morris provided s forum for applying the geometric spatial divisions and lyrical organics forms to mass communications.His work emerged the english people to these visual ideas or modern design.

The Vienna Secession

The Vienna Secession came into beign on April 3^rd 1897. When the younger members of the Viennese Creative Artists Association resigned in protest, over the refusal of foreign artists and the clash between traditional and new ideas. Gustav Klimt lead the movement key members include Joseph Maria,Olbrich, Josef Hoffman, and Koloman Moser. This was a movement ahainst Art Noveau!!!! YAY!

These artists preffered Vigourous line art and Ver sacrum covers often combined with bold line drawings.

Question:Did the Secession Artists like art nouvoa or dislike I feel like the reading gave two opinions?

Question: is there somewhere to get the images in the book I would like them for my notes.

Later design turned geometric forms where the design langauge used squares rectangles and circles in repetition and combination.

Alfred Roller- made significant innovations to graphic design. He had control over complex line, tone, and form. He even would sacrafice legibility to achieve texture in a poser.

Moser and hoffman had ideas about clean geometric design, They opened the vienna workshops page 231.

Peter Behrens and the new Objectivity

GERMAN artist/architect, and designer Peter Behrens played a major role in charting a course for design in the first decade of the new century.he sought typographic reform, used a grid system to structure space in his layouts. Became known as “the first industrial designer” because of his designs for products like streetlamps and teapots. His early buildings pioneered non load bearing glass curtain walls spanning the space between support girders.

QUESTION: why are most of the designers of this time architects too?

Behrens liked sans-serif type and was interested in its typography

His interest in sans-serif was not limited to him the berthold foundry designed a series of ten sans serif.

Behrens was interested in typography so he met with Dr. Karl Klingspor of the Klingspor foundry who agreed to manufacture and release Berhens type. Berhen found succes with the release of his first typeface Eckmannschrift.He looked to create uniquely German type by combining heavy feeling with proportions of roman insriptions.

In 1903 behrens moved to Dusseldorf to become director of Dusseldorf schools of arts and crafts. He made students explore linear movement, pattern and geometric structure.

J.L. Mathieu Lauweriks used geometrical grids with cirlces and squares. In different combinations. It could be used to develop proportions, dimensions, and spatial divisions in designs.

Morrised repulsed against the industrial revolution while, Herman Muthesius and the Werkbund recognized the value of machines and advocated design.

Werkbund split into two factions one headed by mutheis argued for maximum use of mechanical manufacturing and standardization of design for industrial effeciency. Everything should be form and no ornament. The other faction led by van de velde argued for the primacy of individual artistic expression.

1908 Behrens copywrite of AEG haxagonel trademark.

AEG had a uniformed image. Including framing the space with a medium weight rule central placemnet of static elements exclusive use of Behrens-Antiqua Type and use of analogous colors.

in the reading i found it interesting that some people enjoyed the decorative style and they wanted to stay with it while others were despreate to move away from it (thank god).