influenza

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This chapter was all about the influence of modern art. This chapter by far was the most organized chapter yet it was basically split into the different types of Modern Art. Starting with Cubism, moving to Futurism, then Dada, Surrealism, Expressionism, and Photography. Simple as that. We start off with Cubism, Cubism was started with Pablo Picaso who applied elements of African tribal arts to figures. Cubism evolved into an art form that analyzes planes of the subject matter, often from several points of view. These views or perceptions were used to construct a painting of rhythmic geometric planes. Objects were also looked at in basic shapes like an apple could be a cylinder. Cubist artists looked more into the object rather then just its outward appearance. After Cubism we move onto Futurism, Futurism was introduced by an Italian poet Filippo Marinetti. Futurism was about giving typography the design sense it needed. Words could be given speed and emotion. They could create scenes with the use of different directions which was different from the past which used vertical and horizontal direction.

Dada was the next movement on the list. Even though its not meant to be a movement we consider it one. Dada was created mocking art and making fun of society. My favorite example of Dada is the urinal and how it was put into an art competition to make fun of art but it ended up winning. Although Dada wasn’t meant to be art many uses came from it like montages. The next movement was Surrealism. Surrealism is best described by the book as “more real then real world behind the real.” Meaning the world of dreams the imagination. This was art that portrayed the unconscious mind, it never dealed with reality it threw away ideas such as gravity and space. Salvador Dali is a famous painter of this period.

I find it interesting that people follow these movements and when something new comes we tend to follow that until something else comes.

Question: on page 268 how exactly was that photograph with the gun and letter stenciling made.

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This chapter i found interesting because we are obviously getting into more modern designs. and ideas. this chapter was well organized and i found it very interesting. here is a summary of the chapter along with some questions and my thoughts.

Chapter 13

Influence of Modern Art

Cubism- a design concept individual of nature, cubism began a new artistic movement. The genesis of this movement was pablo picaso(1881-1973). Who applied elements of ancient liberian and Africa Tribal art to the human figure. Over the years picasso and his associate Georges Braque developed cubism as the art movement that replaced the rendering of appearances with endless possibilities of invented form .Analytical cubism is what they called their work from 1910-1912. The work analyzed the planes of the subject matter, often from several points of view and used these perceptions to construct a painting composed of rythmitic geometric planes.

Paul Cezanne-French-stated that the painter should “treat nature in terms ofof the cylinder and the sphere and the cone”

In 1913 Cubism evolved into Synthetic Cubism. Drawing on past observations, the cubists invented forms that were signs rather then representations of subject matter.The essence of an object rather then its outwards appearance.

Juan Gris(1887-1927 ) a major painter in the development of synthetic cubism. Gris had a profound influence on the development of geometric art and design . He used grids to organize and he “laid the subject matter’”

The City by Fernand Legar, 1919, is a cubism art. “A Composition of pure flat planes signifying the geometry, color, and energy of the modern city led its creator to “say that it was advertising that first drew the consequences” from it”

Question: What did he mean by that quote?

Futurism: Futurism was launched when Italian Poet Filippo Marinetti (1876-1944) published his manifesto of futurism in the paris newspaper Le Figaro his word stirred artists to test their ideas and forms against new realities of scientific and industrial society. The manifesto voiced enthusiam for war, the machine age, speed , and modern life. It shocked the public by proclaiming, “we will destroy muesuems, libraries, and fight against moralism, feminism, and all utilitarian cowardice” Giovanni Papini (1881-1956) began publication of of the journal Lacerba in florance, and typographic design was was pulled onto the artistic battlefield. “Free, dynamic, and peircing words could be given the velocity of stars, clouds, airplanes, explosions…” Futurists cast the previous constraints of horizontal and vertical structure away.Words were boldened for emphasis extra explanation marks for excitement more space for more space. Advertising used these design concepts. Fortunato Depero for example.

I like this futuristic movement because it starts to get away from the guided path that typography has been going down amd starts to bend the rules. I also find it interesting that advertising in history is considered art more then it is today. Cause we see so much of it today. Even though it still takes a lot of work to do it nowadays.

Dada- Reacting to WW1 dada movement had a strong negative and destructive element. Dadists said they were not creating art but mocking and defaming a society gone insane;even so several artists produced meaningful visual art and influenced graphic design. Dada artists claim to have invented photomontage. Heartfield created designs based on political situations he worked directly with photographs retrieved from newspapers or magazines and on occasion turned to photographs he had taked for him. He mailed his nazi postcard to nazi leaders which got him put on a secret nazi enemy list.

Dada was a major liberating movement that continued to inspire innovation and rebellion. Dada was born in protest against war and its destructive and exhibitionist activities became more absurd and extreme after the war ended. It enriched the visual vocabulary futurism started and continued the cubinism concepts of letterforms as concrete visual shapes.

Surrealism- “more real than real world behind the real”- the world of dreams, and the unconcious realm explored by frued. “Super Reality” Surrealism was not a style or a matter of aesthetics but rather a way of thinking or feeling, and a way of life. Intuition and feeling could be freed. The first surreal painter was Giorgio de Chiric often painted italian renaissance palaces and squares. Ernst was a painter who took wood engraving and added a surreal twist to them.

Salvador Dali- Spanish painter- Influenced graphic design in two waysm his deep perspectives inspired designers to bring vast depth to the flat printed page. And his naturalistic approach.

Expressionism- The tendency to depict not objective reality but subjective emotions and personal responses to subjects.

Photography-different exsposures were used in this time along with the use of different techniques such as placing objects on photo paper ect ect.

What I found interesting about this reading is why each movement came up and I found it interesting that most of these ideas came with war or post war ideas.

One question I have is… on page 268 how exactly was that photograph with the gun and letter stenciling made.